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Case Lab · Type A · Foundation

F10

More than just heavy drinking?

Marcus, 39, has been drinking most evenings for the past two years, and the amount he needs to feel relaxed has crept up steadily over that time. He tried to stop for a month at the start of this year after a health scare, but found himself unable to go more than three days without a strong urge that led him back to drinking. He now drinks alone most nights, having largely stopped joining his usual weekend football group, and admits his GP has already flagged early liver changes on a blood test — which has not changed his drinking.

What is the best-supported classification?